中共的政治種姓制度與社會影響

Yan LIU Shijun HOU

The CCP Political Caste System and Its Societal Impact

導言 / Introduction

中國共產黨自1949年建政以來，表面上倡導平等，但實際上建立了一套以黨內階層、政治忠誠、出身背景和利益網絡為核心的「政治種姓制度」。這套制度不僅影響黨內官員，也延伸到普通中國人的社會地位、生活資源與機會。

Since the CCP took power in 1949, it has ostensibly promoted equality. In reality, it has established a "political caste system" centered on party hierarchy, political loyalty, family background, and patronage networks. This system affects not only party officials but also the social status, resources, and opportunities of ordinary Chinese citizens.

1）. 黨內階層 / Party Hierarchy

中共將黨員和官員按照忠誠度、出身和權力資源進行分層：

1. 核心特權階層：中共中央政治局常委、高級將領及其家族，掌控國家最重要資源。

2. 中層管理階層：省部級官員，受核心階層控制，但有一定權力和資源。

3. 普通黨員與低層幹部：有黨籍但無實權，主要執行指令。

The CCP stratifies members according to loyalty, background, and access to resources:

4. Core elite: Standing Committee members of the Politburo, top military leaders, and their families control critical state resources.

5. Middle management: Provincial and ministerial officials, under core control but with some power and resources.

6. Ordinary party members and low-level cadres: Have party membership but little real power, mainly executing directives.

2）. 普通中國人的社會層級 / Social Stratification of Ordinary Chinese Citizens

普通中國人則受到政治種姓制度的間接影響，形成多層次社會結構：

1. 高級特權群體：核心階層及其親屬，享受頂級教育、醫療、住房與職業資源。

2. 中產精英群體：部分依附於政權或成功加入國企、官僚系統，享有一定生活保障。

3. 基層民眾與農村人口：缺乏政治背景，資源有限，升遷與機會受到嚴重限制。

4. 被邊緣化群體：因政治不合、異見或經濟地位低下而受排斥，面臨貧困與社會不平等。

Ordinary Chinese citizens are indirectly affected by the political caste system, creating a multi-tiered society:

5. Top privilege group: Core elites and their relatives enjoy premier education, healthcare, housing, and career opportunities.

6. Middle-class elites: Those attached to state enterprises or bureaucratic systems, with moderate life security.

7. Grassroots and rural population: Lack political connections, face limited resources, and constrained opportunities for advancement.

8. Marginalized groups: Individuals politically disfavored or economically weak, facing poverty and social exclusion.

3）. 出身與世襲 / Background and Heredity

紅色出身和家族背景直接影響個人在社會上的地位。核心階層的子女常能獲得最優教育與職業機會，形成新「貴族階層」。基層民眾則因缺乏政治資源，生活和發展空間受限。

Revolutionary lineage and family background directly affect social status. Children of the core elite often gain the best education and career opportunities, forming a new aristocracy. Grassroots citizens, lacking political resources, face constrained lives and limited upward mobility.

4). 忠誠、網絡與社會流動 / Loyalty, Networks, and Social Mobility

普通中國人要獲得更多機會，需間接依附政治階層或參與政權網絡。這導致社會流動性低，資源分配不均，形成一種現實版的「政治種姓封閉社會」。

Ordinary citizens can access greater opportunities mainly by aligning with political elites or networks. This results in low social mobility and unequal resource distribution, creating a de facto “political caste society.”

5). 社會影響與心理效應 / Societal Impact and Psychological Effects

1. 資源分配不公：教育、醫療、住房和就業機會向上集中，普通民眾資源匱乏。

2. 社會心理分層：普通人對政治高層保持敬畏與依附心理，形成普遍的不平等感。

3. 阻礙創新與社會活力：資源集中使社會創新受到壓抑，中下層民眾缺乏發聲與參與的動力。

4. Unequal resource distribution: Education, healthcare, housing, and jobs concentrate at the top, leaving ordinary citizens with limited resources.

5. Psychological stratification: Ordinary people develop a sense of awe and dependence toward political elites, reinforcing perceived inequality.

6). Suppressed innovation and societal dynamism: Resource concentration stifles social innovation, and lower-tier citizens lack motivation to participate or voice opinions.

結語 / Conclusion

中共的政治種姓制度是一套以忠誠、出身與利益網絡為核心的多層級社會分層體系。它不僅影響黨內官員，也深刻塑造了普通中國人的生活、心理與社會流動性，導致資源集中、階層固化與社會不平等。

The CCP’s political caste system is a multi-level social stratification based on loyalty, lineage, and patronage networks. It affects not only party officials but also profoundly shapes the lives, psychology, and mobility of ordinary Chinese citizens, resulting in concentrated resources, entrenched hierarchies, and social inequality.